Why is cost data used as a guide and a reference whereas market data is used only as a reference? The answer is the difference in detail and reliability. One can imagine the implications of a stainless company cutting back on detailed cost analysis and relying just on total costs for guidance. This article will discuss the process of using a niche-by-niche route to achieve 30% earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and appreciation (EBITDA).
By Robert McIlvaine, President & Founder – The McIlvaine Company
Truism: Cost data is used as a reference and a guide; market data is used as a reference and an expert is used as a guide.
To qualify this truism, one may argue that it is possible to obtain precise cost data, while the same is not true for markets. The counterargument is then, however, why do individuals use practices such as last-in, first-out (LIFO) and how are good estimates of future costs derived by analyzing trends for materials used? The labor for every product is carefully tabulated. But how detailed are the sales cost tabulations applied to each product in each industry, in each location?
Focus on Niches
A few stainless steel companies in the air, water, and energy industries are achieving 30% EBITDA but the average for the industry is closer to 15%. The reason for the lower margin is that most companies are not pursuing the best customers with the best products in the best manner. The most profitable niches for FGD stainless scrubber vessels are now in Southeast Asia. A decade ago, the big market was China, and before that it was Europe.
The road to success is to identify the best niches and focus on them. It is nice to be a general technology leader, but it is much better to be a technology leader in the most profitable niches.
Stainless Niches
The USD $115 billion Air, Water, Energy (AWE) market for stainless parts1 consists of 11,500 niches and 115,000 sub-niches which, like LEGO blocks, can be combined into millions of shapes by their creators. The shapes consist of various combinations of products, applications, and geographies.
Industries range from power to desalination and special alloys serve the chemical and semiconductor industries.
The market can be divided into initial shapes such as: plates, forgings, and castings and can be further segmented into vessels, pipes, valve bodies, pump casings, and other shapes requiring further processing. It can be divided into 72 countries and eight small country aggregates. In most cases, a niche involves just one State or region.
To adequately select the best products for the best applications to pursue them in the best manner, large amounts of market data are needed.
Simultaneous Top-Down and Bottom-Up Market Analyses
There should be simultaneous top-down and bottom-up market analysis efforts.
The top-down approach is critical to assess long-term major trends and opportunities. It is also a way to assess the strengths of competitors. The bottom-up approach should be continuous and include each sub-niche of importance. The goal is to focus on niches where a 20% market share and 30% EBITDA can be achieved. The Most Profitable Market (MPM) is an aggregation of these niches.
For example, if one considers a stainless steel part company with revenues of USD $500 million that focuses on industrial markets, a top-down approach indicates a potentially profitable market of $30 billion per year. The bottom-up approach concludes that the company could capture 20% of a $6 billion market and raise revenues to $1.2 billion. If it wants to grow at 10% per year, it will need to identify and pursue 25 new niches per year.
There is a $115 billion stainless steel part market for industrial and utility applications. This is also known as the Total Available Market (TAM). Further analysis shows that only $70 billion is pursuable given the structure and as- sets of the corporation. This is the Serviceable Available Market (SAM).
Further Analysis
A more detailed study shows that a market of USD $30 billion could be potentially profitable. This is the Serviceable Obtainable Market (SOM).
This top-down study is necessary to define the boundaries for the bottom-up forecast. However, it would be a mistake to use this data directly for decision-making. The reason is that the market is an aggregation of niches. Decisions should be made on aggregation which only comes with a bottoms-up study.
The Bottom-up initiative quantifies each $1 million sub-niche and aggregates them into the most profitable niches of USD $10 million. In this case, it is determined that sales can reach $1.2 billion by capturing 20% of a $6 billion/yr. market.
If the company wants to grow at 10% per year it will have to add 25 new niches per year. Considerable effort is needed to select just a small percentage of the niches. It is made more complex by the need to consider new niches as well as existing ones. The sales and management structure should be based on a niche analysis of $10 million/yr. markets.
The facts and factors to be assessed include the technology and ratings for competitor products. These findings are then incorporated into a value proposition. So, for a $500 million company, there needs to be at least 250 value propositions.
The bottom-up analysis uses the existing niche forecasts and value propositions as the starting point. To grow at 10% per year it will need 25 new value propositions per year.
Final Thoughts
The bottom-up focus should be on the existing operations whereas the top- down focus should be on new opportunities where there are promising most profitable market opportunities.
Reference:
- Stainless AWE Parts: World Markets published by the McIlvaine Company.
